高反射率鍍膜
雷射資源指南第11.4部份。
高反射率 (HR) 鍍膜可在反射雷射及其他光源時,盡可能減少消耗。反射期間的吸收及散射會減少光通量,並可能造成雷射誘發損傷。 HR coatings are used in common laser optics applications such as folding a laser’s beam path and laser cavity end mirrors.
金屬反射鏡鍍膜 用於製作許多應用的反射元件,不過雷射應用需要的反射率,高於標準金屬反射鏡鍍膜提供的反射率。因此雷射光反射鏡通常使用多層電介質 HR 鍍膜,而不是金屬反射鏡鍍膜,因為可以達成更高的反射率。 Metallic surfaces reflect light because loosely attached electrons freely oscillate with incident light waves without much impedance or hindrance, but all metals will absorb some amount of incident light. This makes metallic mirror coatings susceptible to damage when used with high power lasers.1
電介質 HR 鍍膜會依據相長干涉反射光線,與 AR 鍍膜 的用途完全相反;HR 鍍膜會利用相長干涉達到最大的菲涅耳反射,而不是利用相消干涉盡可能減少菲涅耳反射 (圖 1)。相長干涉是由交錯的高低折射指數材料層產生,其厚度經過特別挑選,以便在特定波長範圍達到最高反射率。 λ/4 電介質反射鏡也稱為布拉格反射鏡,其中各層厚度為設計波長的。 λ/4層厚度是以材料波長為基礎,而不是真空波長。2
圖 1: Dielectric HR coatings utilize constructive interference of Fresnel reflections to achieve a reflectivity greater than that of metallic reflectors
電介質鍍膜也能加強處理金屬反射鏡、提升金屬鍍膜耐用度、提供保護避免氧化,並增強特定光譜區域的反射。 Metal coatings are very delicate without a protective coating and require extra care during handling and cleaning. The surface of an unprotected metal coating should never be touched or cleaned with anything other than clean, dry air. Isopropyl alcohol or acetone can be used to clean metal mirrors with a dielectric coating. 表 1 列出愛特蒙特光學標準金屬反射鏡鍍膜選項, 表 2 則列出愛特蒙特光學標準電介質 HR 雷射鍍膜。
表 1: 愛特蒙特光學標準金屬反射鏡鍍膜的反射率規格
表 2: 標準 HR 雷射鍍膜 | |||
---|---|---|---|
DWL | 反射率規格 | LIDT, 脈衝 $ \left( \frac{\text{J}}{\text{cm}^2} \right)$ |
LIDT, CW $ \left( \frac{\text{MW}}{\text{cm}^2} \right) $ |
266nm | Rabs >99.5% @ DWL, Ravg >99.5% 263 - 268nm | 2.5, 20ns @20Hz | 1 |
343nm | Rabs >99.8% @ DWL, Ravg >99.5% 339 - 346nm | 6, 20ns @20Hz | 1 |
355nm | Rabs >99.8% @ DWL, Ravg >99.5% 351 - 358nm | 6, 20ns @20Hz | 1 |
515nm | Rabs >99.8% @ DWL, Ravg >99.5% 509 - 520nm | 15, 20ns @20Hz | 1 |
532nm | Rabs >99.8% @ DWL, Ravg >99.5% 523 - 537nm | 15, 20ns @20Hz | 1 |
1030nm | Rabs >99.8% @ DWL, Ravg >99.5% 1020 - 1040nm | 20, 20ns, @20Hz | 1 |
1064nm | Rabs >99.8% @ DWL, Ravg >99.5% 1046 - 1074nm | 20, 20ns @20Hz | 1 |
表 2: 愛特蒙特光學標準電介質 HR 雷射鍍膜的反射率規格及保證雷射誘發損傷閾值。如需其他雷射波長,可依要求供應自訂鍍膜設計
參考資料
- Field, Ella S., et al. “Repair of a Mirror Coating on a Large Optic for High Laser-Damage Applications Using Ion Milling and over-Coating Methods.” Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2014, July 2016, doi:10.1117/12.2067920.
- Paschotta, Rüdiger. Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology, RP Photonics, October 2017, www.rp-photonics.com/encyclopedia.html
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